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Kodi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitsulo?
Introduction
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku kitchenware ndi cutlery kupita ku zida zamankhwala, zida zam'mlengalenga, ndi makina opanga mafakitale. Funso limodzi lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhalapo pokambirana zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndilakuti ndi ferrous kapena non-ferrous. M’nkhaniyi, tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane yankho la funsoli.
Kodi zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo ndi chiyani?
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi mtundu wa chitsulo chomwe chimadziwika kuti chimalimbana kwambiri ndi dzimbiri, madontho, ndi dzimbiri. Amapangidwa pophatikiza chitsulo ndi zinthu zina, makamaka chromium, komanso kuphatikiza faifi tambala, molybdenum, titaniyamu, ndi zina. Kuwonjezera kwa zinthuzi kumapanga zinthu zomwe zimagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi dzimbiri komanso zowonongeka, komanso zamphamvu komanso zolimba.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe zitsulo zina zimatha kuchita dzimbiri kapena dzimbiri, monga m'malo am'madzi, malo opangira mankhwala, ndi malo okonzera chakudya. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pomanga, magalimoto, ndi ndege, pomwe mphamvu zake komanso kulimba kwake kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu choyenera pazinthu zamapangidwe.
Ferrous vs. Non-ferrous
Mawu akuti ferrous and non-ferrous amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza magulu awiri akuluakulu azitsulo. Zitsulo zachitsulo ndizomwe zimakhala ndi chitsulo, pamene zitsulo zopanda chitsulo zilibe. Iron ndi maginito zitsulo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zitsulo zachitsulo zimakhala ndi maginito. Komano, zitsulo zopanda chitsulo sizikhala ndi maginito.
Zitsanzo za zitsulo zachitsulo ndi monga chitsulo, chitsulo chosungunuka, ndi chitsulo, pamene zitsanzo za zitsulo zopanda chitsulo zimaphatikizapo aluminiyamu, mkuwa, ndi mkuwa.
Kodi Stainless Steel Ferrous Kapena Non Ferrous?
Ndiye, kodi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chachitsulo kapena chosakhala chachitsulo? Yankho ndiloti zimadalira mtundu wazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.
Mitundu yambiri yazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi yachitsulo, chifukwa imakhala ndi chitsulo monga chigawo chachikulu. Komabe, kuwonjezera zinthu zina, monga chromium ndi faifi tambala, kumapatsa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zinthu zake zapadera ndipo kumapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke kwambiri ndi dzimbiri ndi madontho.
Pali mitundu ina ya zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, monga ma austenitic ndi duplex grade, omwe amakhala ndi faifi tambala ndi molybdenum ndi chitsulo chochepa. Mitundu yazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zina imatchedwa kuti sizitsulo, chifukwa zitsulo zake zimakhala zochepa poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zina.
Komabe, ngakhale mitundu iyi ya zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri imakhalabe ndi chitsulo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizopanda chitsulo. Amakhala ndi chitsulo chochepa kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina yazitsulo.
Katundu wa Stainless Steel
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chili ndi zinthu zingapo zapadera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira pazantchito zosiyanasiyana. Zinthu izi zikuphatikizapo:
Kulimbana ndi Corrosion Resistance - Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimalimbana kwambiri ndi dzimbiri, madontho, ndi dzimbiri, ngakhale m'malo ovuta monga malo apanyanja kapena opangira mankhwala.
Mphamvu ndi Kukhalitsa - Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi cholimba komanso chokhazikika, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chikhale chinthu choyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga monga milatho, nyumba, ndi makina.
Ukhondo - Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chosavuta kuyeretsa ndipo sichikhala ndi mabakiteriya kapena tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo okonzera chakudya ndi zipangizo zamankhwala.
Aesthetics - Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe oyera, amakono omwe amadziwika kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku zomangamanga mpaka mkati.
Mitundu ya Zitsulo Zosapanga dzimbiri
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chinthu chosunthika chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha zinthu zake zapadera, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kukana dzimbiri, kulimba, komanso mphamvu zambiri. Pali mitundu ingapo yazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, iliyonse ili ndi zinthu zake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. M'nkhaniyi, tidzakambirana za mitundu yambiri yazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi katundu wawo.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Austenitic
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Austenitic ndi mtundu wodziwika bwino wazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimawerengera pafupifupi 70% yazopanga zonse zosapanga dzimbiri. Mtundu uwu wazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri umapangidwa ndi chromium (18%) ndi faifi tambala (8%) ndi mpweya wochepa (0.08%). Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Austenitic chimadziwika chifukwa cha kukana kwa dzimbiri, mphamvu, komanso ductility. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri choterechi sichikhala ndi maginito, koma chimatha kukhala maginito pang'ono pakazizira ntchito.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Austenitic chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani azakudya ndi zakumwa, komanso m'makampani azachipatala, chifukwa chaukhondo wake komanso wopanda poizoni. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mafakitale omanga, oyendetsa magalimoto, komanso oyendetsa ndege chifukwa cha mphamvu zake komanso kulimba kwake.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Ferritic
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Ferritic ndi chachiwiri chodziwika bwino chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chimawerengera pafupifupi 25% yazinthu zonse zopanga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Mtundu uwu wa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri uli ndi ma chromium apamwamba (pakati pa 11% ndi 27%) ndi mpweya wochepa wa carbon (osakwana 0.10%). Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Ferritic ndi maginito ndipo chimakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri, koma sichotsika kapena cholimba ngati chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Ferritic nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto ndi zomangamanga, komanso m'mafakitale ndi zida zamagetsi. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri m'makampani azakudya, komwe kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kusakhala ndi poizoni ndikofunikira.
Martensitic Stainless Steel
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Martensitic ndi mtundu wazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimakhala ndi mpweya wambiri (mpaka 1%) ndi milingo yotsika ya nickel (pakati pa 0% ndi 18%) kuposa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic kapena ferritic. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chamtunduwu chimakhala ndi maginito ndipo chimakhala ndi kulimba kwabwino komanso kukana kuvala, koma sichikhala ndi dzimbiri kuposa mitundu ina yazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Martensitic chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri podula ndi zida, pomwe kulimba kwake komanso kukana kuvala ndikofunikira. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito muzamlengalenga ndi magalimoto, komanso m'makampani azachipatala.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri
Duplex zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi mtundu wa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimakhala ndi chromium yambiri (pakati pa 19% ndi 32%) ndi nickel (pakati pa 5% ndi 8%), komanso molybdenum pang'ono (mpaka 3%). Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri choterechi chimatchedwa duplex chifukwa chimakhala ndi magawo awiri a microstructure, omwe ali ndi magawo awiri a austenitic ndi ferritic.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Duplex chimadziwika chifukwa chokana dzimbiri komanso mphamvu zake zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale choyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani amafuta ndi gasi, malo opangira mankhwala, ndi malo ena ochita dzimbiri kwambiri.
Mpweya kuumitsa zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo
Mpweya wowumitsa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chimatchedwanso PH zosapanga dzimbiri, ndi mtundu wachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chomwe chili ndi milingo yambiri ya chromium (pakati pa 15% ndi 17%), faifi tambala (pakati pa 3% ndi 5%), ndi mkuwa (pakati pa 3% ndi 5%). Mtundu uwu wa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ukhoza kutentha kutentha kuti ukwaniritse mphamvu zambiri komanso kuuma.
Mpweya woumitsa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale azamlengalenga ndi zida za nyukiliya, komwe kulimba kwambiri komanso kukana dzimbiri ndikofunikira. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazida zamankhwala ndi ntchito zina komwe biocompatibility ndikofunikira.
Kutsiliza
Pomaliza, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi zinthu zosunthika zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zapadera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino kwambiri pazogwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ili ndi milingo yosiyana ya kukana dzimbiri, mphamvu, ductility, ndi zinthu zina, kuzipanga kukhala zoyenera pazolinga zosiyanasiyana.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Austenitic ndi mtundu wodziwika bwino kwambiri, womwe umadziwika chifukwa chokana dzimbiri komanso wopanda poizoni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale azakudya ndi zamankhwala. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Ferritic ndi maginito ndipo chimakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera pamagalimoto ndi zomangamanga. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Martensitic chimadziwika chifukwa cha kulimba kwake komanso kukana kuvala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino podula ndi zida. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Duplex chili ndi magawo awiri a microstructure, chomwe chimapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala koyenera kumadera ovuta. Mvula yowumitsa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri imatha kutentha komanso imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwa mafakitale amlengalenga ndi zida za nyukiliya.
Kumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi katundu wawo ndizofunikira posankha zinthu zoyenera pa ntchito yoperekedwa. Ndi katundu wake wapadera komanso wosiyanasiyana, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zikhoza kupitiriza kukhala zotchuka m'mafakitale ambiri.